Develops facility with concepts, language, and analytical tools of economics. Covers microeconomics, macroeconomics, and international trade and payments. Emphasizes integration of theory, data, and judgment in the analysis of corporate decisions and public policy, and in the assessment of changing US and international business environments. Restricted to Sloan Fellows. The fact of scarcity forces individuals, firms, and societies to choose among alternative uses -- or allocations -- of its limited resources. Accordingly, the first part of this summer course seeks to understand how economists model the choice process of individual consumers and firms, and how markets work to coordinate these choices. It also examines how well markets perform this function using the economist's criterion of market efficiency. Overall, this course focuses on microeconomics, with some topics from macroeconomics and international trade. It emphasizes the integration of theory, data, and judgment in the analysis of corporate decisions and public policy, and in the assessment of changing U.S. and international business environments.

In this video we illustrate and explain the differences between a change in the quantity demanded for a good (which causes a movement along a demand curve) and the change in a good's demand (which causes the entire demand curve to shift).

A demand shifter is a change that shifts the demand curve for a product. One of the demand shifters is buyers' expectations. If a buyer expects the price of a good to go down in the future, they hold off buying it today, so the demand for that good today decreases. On the other hand, if a buyer expects the price to go up in the future, the demand for the good today increases. Explore the role of buyers' expectations as a determinant of demand in this video. Created by Sal Khan.

In this video, we explore how changes in a few factors affect the demand curve. Changes in income, population, and consumer preferences cause the entire demand curve to shift. Created by Sal Khan.

Covers theoretical and empirical work dealing with the structure, behavior, and performance of firms and markets and core issues in antitrust. Topics include: the organization of the firm, monopoly, price discrimination, oligopoly, and auctions. Theoretical and empirical work are integrated in each area.

The concepts of normal goods and inferior goods can be tricky, and the definitions can be somewhat subjective as well. In this video, we take a deeper look at these kinds of goods. Created by Sal Khan.

The law of demand states that as the price of a good decreases, the quantity demanded of that good increases. In other words, the law of demand states that the demand curve, as a function of price and quantity, is always downward sloping. In this video, we explore the law of demand and its implications for graphing demand curves. Created by Sal Khan.

The market demand for a good describes the quantity demanded at every given price for the entire market. Remember that the entire market is made up of individual buyers with their own demand curves. This means that the market demand is the sum of all of the individual buyer's demand curve. In this video, you can visualize why this is true.

Demand for normal goods increases when income increases, but demand for inferior goods decreases when income increases. In this video, we use the example of a computer and a car to describe the concepts of normal goods and inferior goods and show how a change in income affects the demand for each using a graph of the demand curve. Created by Sal Khan.

Complements are goods that are consumed together. Substitutes are goods where you can consume one in place of the other. The prices of complementary or substitute goods also shift the demand curve. When the price of a good that complements a good decreases, then the quantity demanded of one increases and the demand for the other increases. When the price of a substitute good decreases, the quantity demanded for that good increases, but the demand for the good that it is being substituted for decreases. Take a deeper dive into how changes in the prices of complements and substitutes affect the demand curve in this video. Created by Sal Khan.

Recognizing that a course in economics may seem daunting to some students, we have tried to make the writing clear and engaging. Clarity comes in part from the intuitive presentation style, but we have also integrated a number of pedagogical features that we believe make learning economic concepts and principles easier and more fun. These features are very student-focused. The chapters themselves are written using a “modular” format. In particular, chapters generally consist of three main content sections that break down a particular topic into manageable parts. Each content section contains not only an exposition of the material at hand but also learning objectives, summaries, examples, and problems. Each chapter is introduced with a story to motivate the material and each chapter ends with a wrap-up and additional problems. Our goal is to encourage active learning by including many examples and many problems of different types.

Principles of Macroeconomics 2e covers the scope and sequence of most introductory economics courses. The text includes many current examples, which are handled in a politically equitable way. The outcome is a balanced approach to the theory and application of economics concepts. The second edition has been thoroughly revised to increase clarity, update data and current event impacts, and incorporate the feedback from many reviewers and adopters.Changes made in Principles of Macroeconomics 2e are described in the preface and the transition guide to help instructors transition to the second edition.

By the end of this section, you will be able to:

Explain demand, quantity demanded, and the law of demand
Identify a demand curve and a supply curve
Explain supply, quantity supplied, and the law of supply
Explain equilibrium, equilibrium price, and equilibrium quantity

In this chapter, you will learn about:
Macroeconomic Perspectives on Demand and Supply
Building a Model of Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply
Shifts in Aggregate Supply
Shifts in Aggregate Demand
How the AD/AS Model Incorporates Growth, Unemployment, and Inflation
Keynes’ Law and Say’s Law in the AD/AS Model

By the end of this section, you will be able to:

Explain Say’s Law and understand why it primarily applies in the long run
Explain Keynes’ Law and understand why it primarily applies in the short run

This module covers:Measuring the Size of the Economy: Gross Domestic ProductAdjusting Nominal Values to Real ValuesTracking Real GDP over TimeComparing GDP among CountriesHow Well GDP Measures the Well-Being of Society