Device and circuit level optimization of digital building blocks. MOS and bipolar device models and second order effects. Circuit design styles and arithmetic structures. Estimation and minimization of energy consumption. Interconnect models and parasitics; driver design; timing issues (clock skew, self-timed circuits, etc.). Memory architectures, circuits (sense amplifiers) and devices. Testing of integrated circuits. Extensive use of circuit layout and SPICE in design projects and software labs.

Biology is designed for multi-semester biology courses for science majors. It is grounded on an evolutionary basis and includes exciting features that highlight careers in the biological sciences and everyday applications of the concepts at hand. To meet the needs of today’s instructors and students, some content has been strategically condensed while maintaining the overall scope and coverage of traditional texts for this course. Instructors can customize the book, adapting it to the approach that works best in their classroom. Biology also includes an innovative art program that incorporates critical thinking and clicker questions to help students understand—and apply—key concepts.

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Explain how angiosperm diversity is due, in part, to multiple interactions with animalsDescribe ways in which pollination occursDiscuss the roles that plants play in ecosystems and how deforestation threatens plant biodiversity