By James E Maddux and Evan Kleiman, George Mason University. The term “self-efficacy” refers to your beliefs about your ability to effectively perform the tasks needed to attain a valued goal. Self-efficacy does not refer to your abilities but to how strongly you believe you can use your abilities to work toward goals. Self-efficacy is not a unitary construct or trait; rather, people have self-efficacy beliefs in different domains, such as academic self-efficacy, problem-solving self-efficacy, and self-regulatory self-efficacy. Stronger self-efficacy beliefs are associated with positive outcomes, such as better grades, greater athletic performance, happier romantic relationships, and a healthier lifestyle.

Psychology is designed to meet scope and sequence requirements for the single-semester introduction to psychology course. The book offers a comprehensive treatment of core concepts, grounded in both classic studies and current and emerging research. The text also includes coverage of the DSM-5 in examinations of psychological disorders. Psychology incorporates discussions that reflect the diversity within the discipline, as well as the diversity of cultures and communities across the globe.Senior Contributing AuthorsRose M. Spielman, Formerly of Quinnipiac UniversityContributing AuthorsKathryn Dumper, Bainbridge State CollegeWilliam Jenkins, Mercer UniversityArlene Lacombe, Saint Joseph's UniversityMarilyn Lovett, Livingstone CollegeMarion Perlmutter, University of Michigan

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Define intrinsic and extrinsic motivationUnderstand that instincts, drive reduction, self-efficacy, and social motives have all been proposed as theories of motivationExplain the basic concepts associated with Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

A brief description of how the psychological schools of learning conceptualize the construct of personality. Duration: 2:07.

A very brief into the psychological construct of motivation. Topics include extrinsic/intrinsic motivation, theories (instinct, drive reduction, arousal), self-efficacy, social motives, and the hierarchy of needs. Duration: 2:52.